Species · 12

The twelve species

Eight softwoods and four hardwoods from the Thunder Bay area, Ontario. The figures shown are average species values from technical literature: they are indicative and do not replace the characteristic values of a lot, which are stated in the producer's certificate.

01Softwood — SPF group

White Spruce

Picea glauca · Pinaceae

Fine, even fibre and a cream-white colour: the core of the SPF lot.

Density (12% MC)	425 kg/m³
Janka hardness	2 140 N
Bending strength (MOR)	59.6 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	9.07 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	4,7 / 8,2 / 13,7 %
Durability EN 350	4

Principal usesStructural, packaging, light joinery, soundboards

02Softwood — SPF group

Black Spruce

Picea mariana · Pinaceae

The stiffest of the SPF group: MOE 10.5 GPa at 450 kg/m³.

Density (12% MC)	450 kg/m³
Janka hardness	2 320 N
Bending strength (MOR)	69.7 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	10.5 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	4,1 / 6,8 / 11,3 %
Durability EN 350	4

Principal usesStructural, packaging, pulp, soundboards

03Softwood — SPF group

Balsam Fir

Abies balsamea · Pinaceae

Light and stable, with a uniform medium-coarse texture.

Density (12% MC)	400 kg/m³
Janka hardness	1 780 N
Bending strength (MOR)	60.7 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	9.57 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	2,9 / 6,9 / 11,2 %
Durability EN 350	5

Principal usesStructural, plywood, pulp

04Softwood — pine

Eastern White Pine

Pinus strobus · Pinaceae

Volumetric shrinkage of 8.2%: the most stable in the range.

Density (12% MC)	400 kg/m³
Janka hardness	1 690 N
Bending strength (MOR)	59.3 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	8.55 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	2,1 / 6,1 / 8,2 %
Durability EN 350	4

Principal usesWindows and doors, interior joinery, premium packaging

05Softwood — pine

Red Pine

Pinus resinosa · Pinaceae

Class 1 impregnability: made for pressure treatment.

Density (12% MC)	545 kg/m³
Janka hardness	2 490 N
Bending strength (MOR)	75.9 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	11.24 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	3,8 / 7,2 / 11,3 %
Durability EN 350	4

Principal usesTreated poles and pylons, sleepers, structural

06Softwood — SPF group

Jack Pine

Pinus banksiana · Pinaceae

Janka 2,540 N at a contained cost: the volume pine.

Density (12% MC)	500 kg/m³
Janka hardness	2 540 N
Bending strength (MOR)	68.3 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	9.31 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	3,7 / 6,6 / 10,3 %
Durability EN 350	4

Principal usesPallets, crates, structural, pulp

07Softwood

Tamarack (American Larch)

Larix laricina · Pinaceae

Natural durability 3–4: exterior above ground with no chemical treatment.

Density (12% MC)	595 kg/m³
Janka hardness	2 620 N
Bending strength (MOR)	80.0 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	11.31 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	3,7 / 7,4 / 13,6 %
Durability EN 350	3–4

Principal usesUntreated exterior use, poles, heavy crates

08Softwood

Northern White Cedar

Thuja occidentalis · Cupressaceae

Durability class 2 — the most durable in the range, and the lightest.

Density (12% MC)	350 kg/m³
Janka hardness	1 420 N
Bending strength (MOR)	44.8 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	5.52 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	2,2 / 4,9 / 7,2 %
Durability EN 350	2

Principal usesCladding, shingles, fencing, garden furniture

09Hardwood

Yellow Birch

Betula alleghaniensis · Betulaceae

The plywood species par excellence; high shrinkage, controlled drying.

Density (12% MC)	690 kg/m³
Janka hardness	5 610 N
Bending strength (MOR)	114.5 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	13.86 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	7,3 / 9,5 / 16,8 %
Durability EN 350	5

Principal usesPlywood, flooring, interior doors, panelling

10Hardwood

Trembling Aspen

Populus tremuloides · Salicaceae

Odourless and resin-free: the food-contact timber.

Density (12% MC)	415 kg/m³
Janka hardness	1 560 N
Bending strength (MOR)	57.9 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	8.14 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	3,5 / 6,7 / 11,5 %
Durability EN 350	5

Principal usesOSB, light packaging, produce crates

11Hardwood

Sugar Maple (Hard Maple)

Acer saccharum · Sapindaceae

Janka 6,450 N: the hardest in the range. It is the pale sapwood that is traded.

Density (12% MC)	705 kg/m³
Janka hardness	6 450 N
Bending strength (MOR)	109.0 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	12.62 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	4,8 / 9,9 / 14,7 %
Durability EN 350	5

Principal usesSports and domestic flooring, worktops, furniture

12Hardwood

Black Ash

Fraxinus nigra · Oleaceae

Oak-like texture, excellent response to steam bending.

Density (12% MC)	545 kg/m³
Janka hardness	3 780 N
Bending strength (MOR)	86.9 MPa
Modulus of elasticity (MOE)	11.0 GPa
Shrinkage rad./tang./vol.	5,0 / 7,8 / 15,2 %
Durability EN 350	5

Principal usesFlooring, interior furniture, steam bending

EN 350 durability classes are indicative, derived from the natural durability of the species and not from lot testing. Container capacities are calculated on prudent stowage assumptions and must be re-checked against the actual packing list. Customs codes, duties and regulatory requirements must be confirmed at the date of each shipment. Black ash is a species under pressure from the emerald ash borer: availability must be checked order by order.

Full technical datasheet on request — Request a quotation

Table view

#	Species	Nomen. bot.	SPF	Density (12% MC) (kg/m³)	Janka hardness (N)	Bending strength (MOR) (MPa)	Modulus of elasticity (MOE) (GPa)	Shrinkage rad./tang./vol. (%)	Durability EN 350 (class)	Customs code (HS)	Moisture on delivery	40′ High Cube capacity (m³ approx.)
01	White Spruce	Picea glauca	Softwood — SPF group	425	2 140	59.6	9.07	4,7 / 8,2 / 13,7	4	4407.12	12–15%	55
02	Black Spruce	Picea mariana	Softwood — SPF group	450	2 320	69.7	10.5	4,1 / 6,8 / 11,3	4	4407.12	12–15%	55
03	Balsam Fir	Abies balsamea	Softwood — SPF group	400	1 780	60.7	9.57	2,9 / 6,9 / 11,2	5	4407.12	12–15%	55
04	Eastern White Pine	Pinus strobus	Softwood — pine	400	1 690	59.3	8.55	2,1 / 6,1 / 8,2	4	4407.11	12–15% · 8–12%	55
05	Red Pine	Pinus resinosa	Softwood — pine	545	2 490	75.9	11.24	3,8 / 7,2 / 11,3	4	4407.11	12–15%	48
06	Jack Pine	Pinus banksiana	Softwood — SPF group	500	2 540	68.3	9.31	3,7 / 6,6 / 10,3	4	4407.11	12–15%	52
07	Tamarack (American Larch)	Larix laricina	Softwood	595	2 620	80.0	11.31	3,7 / 7,4 / 13,6	3–4	4407.19	12–15%	44
08	Northern White Cedar	Thuja occidentalis	Softwood	350	1 420	44.8	5.52	2,2 / 4,9 / 7,2	2	4407.19	12–15%	55
09	Yellow Birch	Betula alleghaniensis	Hardwood	690	5 610	114.5	13.86	7,3 / 9,5 / 16,8	5	4407.96	6–8% · 8–10%	38
10	Trembling Aspen	Populus tremuloides	Hardwood	415	1 560	57.9	8.14	3,5 / 6,7 / 11,5	5	4407.97	8–12%	55
11	Sugar Maple (Hard Maple)	Acer saccharum	Hardwood	705	6 450	109.0	12.62	4,8 / 9,9 / 14,7	5	4407.93	6–8% · 8–10%	37
12	Black Ash	Fraxinus nigra	Hardwood	545	3 780	86.9	11.0	5,0 / 7,8 / 15,2	5	4407.95	6–8% · 8–10%	48